俞孔堅(jiān):北京市生態(tài)安全格局及城市增長預(yù)景
4 結(jié)論與討論
?。?)本研究強(qiáng)調(diào)生態(tài)安全格局在空間結(jié)構(gòu)上的完整性和在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)上的綜合性。作為向城市提供自然服務(wù)的生態(tài)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,生態(tài)安全格局應(yīng)將生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的各種服務(wù),包括旱澇調(diào)節(jié)、生物多樣性保護(hù)、休憩與審美啟智,以及遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)等整合在一個(gè)完整的景觀格局中,落實(shí)在土地上。
?。?)本研究在景觀安全格局和生態(tài)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施理論指導(dǎo)下,提出了城市生態(tài)安全格局的研究框架。運(yùn)用GIS空間分析等技術(shù),對區(qū)域關(guān)鍵的生態(tài)過程(包括非生物自然過程、生物過程和人文過程)進(jìn)行垂直和水平分析,判別維護(hù)生態(tài)過程安全的關(guān)鍵性空間格局,并整合為具有綜合功能的生態(tài)安全格局。本文的生態(tài)安全格局包含了其他相關(guān)景觀過程的安全格局,目的是強(qiáng)調(diào)生態(tài)安全格局的重要性和作為其他景觀過程和格局的基礎(chǔ)。而通常情況下,生態(tài)安全格局可以被看作是整體景觀安全格局的一部分。
?。?)生態(tài)安全格局的研究成果可直接指導(dǎo)城鄉(xiāng)空間布局和生態(tài)建設(shè)。將生態(tài)安全格局與城市總體規(guī)劃、土地利用規(guī)劃、限建區(qū)規(guī)劃、城市“綠線”規(guī)劃相結(jié)合,作為它們的科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)和核心內(nèi)容,是生態(tài)安全格局理論對城市規(guī)劃的重要貢獻(xiàn)。
?。?)通過北京城市格局發(fā)展預(yù)景分析,可以證明生態(tài)安全格局途徑是實(shí)現(xiàn)“精明的保護(hù)”與“精明的增長”的有效途徑。城市擴(kuò)張的預(yù)景揭示了如何在有限土地資源條件下,實(shí)現(xiàn)保護(hù)與發(fā)展和諧同步的可能性。研究證明進(jìn)行生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)并不在于必須犧牲很多或更多的建設(shè)用地,也不必以犧牲土地利用的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值為代價(jià),而是可以通過科學(xué)合理的空間格局的設(shè)計(jì),用盡可能少的土地,來獲得盡量好的生態(tài)效益;這一預(yù)景還揭示了城市的空間格局是土地的生態(tài)過程和格局所界定的,而不應(yīng)該用一個(gè)意象的城市空間形態(tài)來規(guī)劃。這正是城市“反規(guī)劃”的核心理念[43~44],即:城市的發(fā)展建設(shè)規(guī)劃必須以生命土地的過程和格局為依據(jù)和基礎(chǔ),先做不建設(shè)規(guī)劃,再根據(jù)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展需要進(jìn)行建設(shè)用地規(guī)劃和布局。
?。?)到目前為止,生態(tài)學(xué)理論研究如何轉(zhuǎn)化為應(yīng)用仍處于探索階段,在今后的研究中單一安全格局的構(gòu)建以及邊界的確定方法將是重點(diǎn)研究的問題,生態(tài)安全格局低、中、高三種安全水平的劃分依據(jù)也值得繼續(xù)探討和完善。
致謝:
參與本次研究的還包括:曹燕群、陳春娣、佘依爽、孫齊、喬青、宋吉濤、李青、李婷、胡望舒、熊亮、姬婷、李云圣、湯敏、廖慧儀、胡佳文、鐘晨等。
感謝北京市國土資源局張維,陶志紅和規(guī)劃勘測中心全體同仁在項(xiàng)目全程給予的大力支持!
感謝王放、馮永鋒、張峻峰、武弘麟、韓光輝、韓茂莉、呂植等人的指導(dǎo)和幫助!
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